Affixes -Bound, grammatical morphemes (a.k.a. prefixes and suffixes) (Parker & Riley, 2010) Bound morphemes – morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word Cognates - word pairs across languages that are similar in spelling, pronunciation and meaning (Nagy & Scott, 2000) Compounds – Creating a new word by combining two or more free morphemes Derivations - Attachment of prefixes or suffixes that change both the meaning and the word class (Carlisle, 2004) Derivational affixes and roots - A derivational affix is an affix by means of which one word is formed or derived from another. Derivations are the addition of a prefix or suffix that changes the meaning of the word. Explicitknowledge: “linguistic awareness”-Knowledge about language structures that allows one to manipulative and analyze linguistic structures (Carlise, 2004) Free morphemes – morpheme that can stand alone as an independent word Grammaticalmorphemes - Express the relationship between lexical morphemes (Parker & Riley, 2010) Inflections--base word with suffix that changes grammatical role and serves as grammatical marker (can be stored and accessed as lexical unit, which is not true for “real” grammatical units, which are phrases. Variation in the form of a word through the addition of prefixes or suffixes (affixes). Inflectional markers (verb tense, plural, comparative and superlative/smaller, smallest) are often semantically active.Derivation=involves attachment of prefixes and suffixes that often change meaning and word class) Lexical morphemes: units of meaning of a word that have meaning in and of themselves (Parker & Riley, 2010) Morpheme – smallest unit of meaning of a word Morphological“problem-solving”/analysis - using knowledge of morphology to determine the meaning and/ or spelling of a word. Morphologicalawareness - “the ability to reflect on, analyze, and manipulate the morphemic elements of words…considered one form of …linguistic awareness” (Carlisle, 2010, p. 466). Morphology –the study of the structure of words Opaque – meaning of word is not easily determined through knowledge of meaning of base word. Predication: ability to encode relational meanings (Byrnes & Wasik, 2009, p. 146) Tacitknowledge: Knowledge about language structures that comes with/from experience hearing and using language (Carlisle, 2004) Transparency – meaning of word is quickly and easily inferred through knowledge of meaning of the base word